Is there any other way to display graphs other than python atmatplotlib+jupyter 以外?

For Matplotlib

Backends describes the UI backend.There are PyQt/PySide, PyGOobject, Tkinter, wxPython, macOS/Cocoa, etc.

In the first place, I think the method of using Jupiter is an option or an advanced method of use.If you follow the tutorial or Quick start guide, you will use Qt and Tk as the default backend.

Integration into your own UI is described in Embedding Matplotlib in graphical user interfaces.

The ease of exeging with PyInstaller may vary depending on the UI library, but you can find explanations for each major toolkit.