What is the difference between color space and color scheme?

If the field of color engineering is not directly covered, color space and color system/model in the context of machine learning tasks such as image recognition and image generation will be considered synonymous.
(Of course, if the two terms are used differently in the paper...)

Both are the same in terms of treating certain color information as a point in 3D vector = 3D color space.There may be variations of RGB (red, green, and blue components) and HSV (hue, saturation, and brightness) in the three-dimensional space, but spaces can be converted to each other.

The color scheme has a somewhat more practical nuance, for example, mansel color scheme is based on the HSV color space, but instead of the HSV value itself, the color is represented by a code (e.g. 7PB 4/10.We assume that the use of industrial design fields such as uniform color of products requires a code system that is easier to understand than strict HSV values.